POTUS

Benjamin Harrison: AP US History Rundown

Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd POTUS, serving from 1889 to 1893. A Republican, his presidency was marked by significant legislative activity and economic developments.

Key Events and Associations

• Grandson of William Henry Harrison: Harrison came from a politically prominent family, which aided his career.
• Civil War Service: He served as a brigadier general in the Civil War.
• Senator from Indiana: Prior to becoming president, Harrison served as a U.S. Senator from Indiana.
• Sherman Antitrust Act: Signed into law during his presidency.
• McKinley Tariff: Another key piece of legislation during his term.
• Increased Federal Spending: Harrison’s administration saw a significant rise in federal spending, leading to concerns about the budget.

Important Legislation

• Sherman Antitrust Act: Passed in 1890, it was the first major U.S. law to limit monopolies and trusts. While its initial enforcement was weak, it set a precedent for future antitrust actions.
• McKinley Tariff: Enacted in 1890, it raised tariffs to historically high levels. This was meant to protect American industries, but it also led to higher consumer prices and sparked international trade disputes.
• Sherman Silver Purchase Act: Passed in 1890, this act required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before, and added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation.
• Dependent Pension Act: It provided pensions to Union veterans who had served for at least 90 days and were unable to work, regardless of whether their disability was war-related. This significantly increased the number of veterans receiving pensions and contributed to rising federal spending.

Groups and Political Affiliations

• Republicans: A staunch Republican, Harrison supported high tariffs and a strong national government.
• Grand Army of the Republic (GAR): Harrison actively courted the support of this influential organization of Union Civil War veterans.
• Business Interests: The Republicans of the time, including Harrison, were generally favorable toward businesses and industrial growth.

Impact on the Country

• Increased Federal Power: Harrison’s administration expanded the role of the federal government in regulating the economy and providing benefits to certain groups (like Civil War veterans).
• Economic Debates: The McKinley Tariff and Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to intense debates about trade policy and monetary policy, which continued to shape American politics for decades.
• Environmental Conservation: Harrison designated several forest reserves, laying the groundwork for future conservation efforts.
• Loss of Re-election: Despite the legislative achievements of his administration, Harrison lost the Presidential Election of 1896 to Grover Cleveland, largely due to public dissatisfaction with the McKinley Tariff and economic concerns.