Decorators

Chaining Decorators

Chaining decorators in Python means applying multiple decorators to a single function. The order of application matters, as decorators are applied from the inside out (bottom to top).

def my_decorator_1(func):
  def wrapper():
    print("Decorator 1 before")
    func()
    print("Decorator 1 after")
  return wrapper

def my_decorator_2(func):
  def wrapper():
    print("Decorator 2 before")
    func()
    print("Decorator 2 after")
  return wrapper

@my_decorator_1
@my_decorator_2
def say_hello():
  print("Hello!")

say_hello()

This will output:

Decorator 1 before
Decorator 2 before
Hello!
Decorator 2 after
Decorator 1 after

Notice how my_decorator_2 is executed first, then my_decorator_1. This is because the @ syntax applies decorators from bottom to top.

Decorator Basics (Function Wrappers)

The above example only shows decorators without arguments. Decorators with Arguments handle more complex scenarios. Remember to also review Function Scope and Closures as they are fundamental to understanding how decorators work.