ID: First Continental Congress
When: September 5 – October 26, 1774
Who:
- Delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies (Georgia did not attend). Represented a broad spectrum of colonial society, including merchants, lawyers, planters, and some artisans. Key figures included Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Joseph Galloway.
What:
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen British colonies in North America. It was convened in response to the Intolerable Acts, a series of punitive measures imposed by the British government after the Boston Tea Party. The Congress aimed to address colonial grievances against British policies and coordinate a unified response.
Impact: Why Significant?:
- Declaration of Rights and Grievances: The Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, outlining colonial rights and protesting against British policies like taxation without representation and the quartering of troops. This document articulated a formal opposition to British rule.
- Establishment of the Continental Association: The Congress created the Continental Association, a system of boycotts against British goods. This economic pressure was intended to force Britain to reconsider its policies.
- Call for a Second Congress: Recognizing the need for continued unity and action, the Congress agreed to reconvene if grievances were not addressed. This laid the groundwork for further colonial resistance.
- Show of Colonial Unity: The Congress demonstrated a significant level of intercolonial cooperation and coordination, foreshadowing the eventual move towards independence. The very act of convening represented a powerful challenge to British authority.
- Shift in Colonial Sentiment: The Congress marked a crucial shift in colonial sentiment. While not initially advocating for independence, it set the stage for more radical actions in the coming years.