Chemical Bonds

Uses little delta δ symbol(different than delta symbol)

Atoms in molecules have partial charges because electrons are goofy

IMFS are never as strong as Chemical Bonds

$$ Na^{δ+}\ \ \textemdash\ \ \ Cl^{δ-} $$ - High Polarity molecules will have high intermolecular attraction

-  Things will attract each other a certain amount based on [Electronegativity](./../electronegativity/)
- **All Ionic Compounds are polar** because all the positive sides of ionic molecules have low [Electronegativity](./../electronegativity/)
- Covalent Compounds get [Polarity](./../polarity/) based on the [delta symbol](./../delta-symbol/) of their [Electronegativity](./../electronegativity/)
- See [Polarity](./../polarity/)

Van Der Waals IMFs

van der waals is a fancy way of saying these are the ones that exist between identical molecules

Dipole Dipole: Opposites attract

• Only occurs in polar molecules
• HBr is a highly polar molecule, and the Br will be attracted to other molecules’ hydrogens

London Dispersion

Hydrogen Bonds

Non Van Der Waals IMFs

Ion Dipole: An ion attracts a dipole

What IMFs do

Kinetic energy

• More IMF means less movement
• Things with strong IMFs will typically have a higher boiling point
  • Gases: least IMF
• The existence of IMF creates the states of matter solids and liquid

Boiling point

• More IMF = more boiling
• Weak attractions increases non-agitated evaporation
  • A cup of water left open in a dark room at room Temperature will fully evaporate in 5 days
  • A glass of isopropyl will evaporate in the same conditions in 2 days