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Polymorphism Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type. This is particularly useful when dealing with inheritance.

• Example: Consider a scenario where you have different shapes (circle, square, triangle) each with an area() method. Polymorphism allows you to call area() on any shape object without needing to know its specific type.

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius
    def area(self):
        return 3.14159 * self.radius * self.radius

class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side):
        self.side = side
    def area(self):
        return self.side * self.side

shapes = [Circle(5), Square(4)]]
for shape in shapes:
    print(shape.area()) # Polymorphic call to area()

Inheritance (This needs its own note)

Classes and Objects (This needs its own note)

Related notes:

• Method Resolution Order (MRO)
• Abstract Classes (This note should explain abstract base classes and their use in polymorphism)