Who: Delegates from thirteen colonies (eventually)
What: A meeting of colonial delegates that initially aimed to organize colonial resistance against Great Britain. It evolved into the governing body of the newly independent United States. Key actions included:
Articles of Confederation (November 15, 1777): Created the first government of the United States, although it was weak and ultimately replaced by the Constitution. (Note: Ratified by states in 1781)
Appointing George Washington as Commander-in-Chief (June 15, 1775): A crucial step in unifying the Continental Army.
Raising and equipping a Continental Army: Organizing and funding the military effort against the British.
Issuing paper money: Attempting to finance the war.
Establishing a post office: A vital service for communication during the war.
Negotiating treaties and alliances (with France, Spain): Securing vital foreign support for the war effort.
Declaration of Independence: A defining moment in American history, formally declaring independence and outlining the principles of self-governance.
War Effort: The Congress effectively managed (though imperfectly) the war against Great Britain, crucial for securing independence.
Transition to a Nation: The evolution from a resistance movement to a functioning government is a key turning point in American history.
Weaknesses Exposed: The Articles of Confederation, produced during this time, highlighted the shortcomings of a weak central government. This experience informed the creation of the more robust system under the Constitution.